Kidney Diseases Dictionary: R – W
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renal (REE-nul):
Of the kidneys. A renal disease is a disease of the kidneys.
Renal failure means the kidneys have stopped working properly.
renal agenesis (ay-JEN-eh-sis):
The absence or severe malformation of one or both kidneys.
renal cell carcinoma (KAR-sih-NOH-mah):
A type of kidney cancer.
renal cysts (SISTS):
Abnormal fluid-filled sacs in the kidney that range in
size from microscopic to much larger. Many simple cysts are harmless,
while other types can seriously damage the kidneys.
renal osteodystrophy (AH-stee-oh-DIS-truh-fee):
Weak bones caused by poorly working kidneys. Renal osteodystrophy
is a common problem for people on dialysis who have high
phosphate levels or insufficient vitamin D supplementation.
renal pelvis (PELL-vis):
The basin into which the urine formed by the kidneys
is excreted before it travels to the ureters and bladder.
renal tubular (TOOB-yoo-lur)
acidosis (ASS-ih-DOH-sis):
A defect in the kidneys that hinders their normal excretion
of acids. Failure to excrete acids can lead to weak bones, kidney
stones, and poor growth in children.
renal vein thrombosis (throm-BOH-sis):
Blood clots in the vessel that carries blood away from the kidney.
This can occur in people with the nephrotic syndrome.
renin (REE-nin):
A hormone made by the kidneys that
helps regulate the volume of fluid in the body and blood pressure.
S
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struvite (STROO-vite)
stone:
A type of kidney stone caused by infection.
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transplant (TRANZ-plant):
Replacement of a diseased organ with a healthy one. A kidney
transplant may come from a living donor, usually a relative, or from
someone who has just died.
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ultrasound:
A technique that bounces safe, painless sound waves off organs to create
an image of their structure.
urea (yoo-REE-uh):
A waste product found in the blood and caused by the normal breakdown
of protein in the liver. Urea is normally removed from the blood by
the kidneys and then excreted in the urine.
Urea accumulates in the body of people with kidney failure.
uremia (yoo-REE-mee-uh):
The illness associated with the buildup of urea in the
blood because the kidneys are not working effectively.
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, and mental
confusion.
ureteroscope (yoo-REE-tur-uh-scope):
A tool for examining the bladder and ureters
and for removing kidney stones through the urethra.
The procedure is called ureteroscopy (yoo-ree-tur-AH-skoh-pee).
ureters (YOOR-uh-turs):
Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys
to the bladder.
urethra (yoo-REE-thrah):
The tube that carries urine from the bladder
to the outside of the body.
uric (YOOR-ik)
acid stone:
A kidney stone that may result from a diet high in animal
protein. When the body breaks down this protein, uric acid levels rise
and can form stones.
urinalysis
(yoor-in-AL-ih-sis):
A test of a urine sample that can reveal many problems of the urinary
tract and other body systems. The sample may be observed for
color, cloudiness, concentration; signs of drug use; chemical composition,
including glucose; the presence of protein, blood cells, or germs; or
other signs of disease.
urinary (YOOR-ih-NEHR-ee)
tract:
The system that takes wastes from the blood and carries them out of
the body in the form of urine. The urinary tract includes
the kidneys, renal pelvises,
ureters, bladder, and urethra.
urinary tract infection (UTI):
An illness caused by harmful bacteria growing in the urinary
tract.
urinate (YOOR-ih-nate):
To release urine from the bladder to the
outside.
urine (YOOR-in):
Liquid waste product filtered from the blood by the kidneys,
stored in the bladder, and expelled from the body through
the urethra by the act of voiding or urinating.
urolithiasis (YOOR-oh-lih-THY-uh-sis):
Stones in the urinary tract.
URR (urea reduction ratio):
A blood test that compares the amount of blood urea nitrogen
before and after dialysis to measure the effectiveness
of the dialysis dose.
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vasculitis (VAS-kyoo-LY-tis):
Inflammation of the blood vessel walls. This can cause rash and disease
in multiple organs of the body, including the kidneys.
vesicoureteral (VESS-ih-koh-yoo-REE-ter-ul)
reflux:
An abnormal condition in which urine backs up into the
ureters, and occasionally into the kidneys,
raising the risk of infection.
void:
To urinate, empty the bladder.
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Wegener's granulomatosis (GRAN-yoo-LOH-muh-TOH-sis):
An autoimmune disease that damages the blood vessels
and causes disease in the lungs, upper respiratory tract, and kidneys.
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