Kidney and Urologic Diseases Statistics for the United States

On this page:

• Kidney Problems
• Urologic Problems
• Other Related Problems
• Sources

Kidney Problems

Kidney disease

Prevalence (1999–2004): An estimated 11.5 percent of adults ages 20 or older (23 million adults) have physiological evidence of chronic kidney disease determined from data collected through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.¹

End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Resulting from these primary diseases:

• Diabetes: 197,037
• Hypertension: 127,935
• Glomerulonephritis: 81,599
• Cystic kidney: 24,828
• Urologic disease: 13,139
• All other: 82,745

Incidence (2007): 111,000 U.S. residents were new beneficiaries of treatment.²

Resulting from these primary diseases:

• Diabetes: 48,871
• Hypertension: 30,657
• Glomerulonephritis: 7,571
• Cystic kidney: 2,633
• Urologic disease: 1,554
• All other: 19,714

Mortality (2007): Among U.S. residents with ESRD, there were 157.3 deaths per 1,000 patient years.² There were 87,812 deaths in all patients undergoing ESRD treatment.²

Cost for the ESRD program (2007): $35.32 billion in public and private spending.²

Point prevalent ESRD treatment counts:
Dialysis treatment (2007): 368,544 U.S. residents with ESRD received dialysis.²
In-center hemodialysis: 338,265
Home hemodialysis: 2,999
Peritoneal dialysis: 26,364
CAPD^*: 9,951
CCPD^**: 16,389
Other PD^***: 24

*CAPD = continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
**CCPD = continuous cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis
***PD = peritoneal dialysis

Uncertain dialysis: 916

Number of kidney transplants performed²:
2007: 17,513
2006: 18,056
2005: 17,443
2000: 14,611
1995: 12,160
1990: 10,029
1985: 7,504
1980: 3,785

Source of organ donations for kidney transplants performed (2007)²:
From deceased donor: 11,446
From living related donor: 3,181
From spouse/life partner: 797
From living unrelated donor: 1,270
Paired exchange: 126
Living-deceased exchange: 90
Unknown relationship: 26
Nondirected donation: 79

Number of people awaiting transplants (March 16, 2010)³:
Kidney (only): 83,950
Kidney and pancreas: 2,208

Dialysis survival (probability of patients surviving, from day 91 of ESRD, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2006–2007): 79.3
2 years (2005–2007): 64.7
5 years (2002–2007): 33.6
10 years (1997–2007): 10.2

Patient survival following deceased-donor transplant (probability of recipients surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2006–2007): 94.9
2 years (2005–2007): 91.2
5 years (2002–2007): 81.2
10 years (1997–2007): 60.6

Patient survival following living-donor transplant (probability of recipients surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2006–2007): 98.4
2 years (2005–2007): 96.5
5 years (2002–2007): 90.0
10 years (1997–2007): 76.0

Graft survival following deceased-donor transplant (probability of transplanted kidney surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2006–2007): 90.3
2 years (2005–2007): 84.8
5 years (2002–2007): 68.4
10 years (1997–2007): 42.9

Graft survival following living-donor transplant (probability of transplanted kidney surviving, from day 1 of transplantation, unadjusted)²:
1 year (2006–2007): 96.0
2 years (2005–2007): 92.1
5 years (2002–2007): 80.7
10 years (1997–2007): 58.5

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Postdiarrheal

Incidence
2008: 330 cases in 40 states⁴
2007: 292 cases in 36 states⁵
2006: 288 cases in 38 states⁶
2005: 221 cases in 34 states⁷
2004: 200 cases in 30 states⁸
2003: 178 cases in 32 states⁹
2002: 216 cases in 33 states¹⁰
2001: 202 cases in 28 states¹¹

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Urologic Problems

Interstitial Cystitis

(1988–1994): More than 1.3 million (1,218,631 women and 82,832 men) adults ages 20 or older self-reported having been diagnosed with interstitial cystitis.¹³

Urinary Stones

Prevalence of kidney stones: The percent of adults ages 20 to 74 who self-reported ever having had kidney stones:
(1988–1994): 5.2 percent of adults (6.3 percent of men and 4.1 percent of women)¹⁴
(1976–1980): 3.2 percent of adults (4.9 percent of men and 2.8 percent of women)¹⁴

Inpatient hospital stays: The estimated number of hospital admissions among adults ages 20 or older with "calculus of kidney and ureters" as a primary diagnosis:
(2006): 166,000 hospital stays¹⁵
(2004): 171,000 hospital stays¹⁶
(2000): 177,496 hospital stays¹⁷

Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by adults ages 20 or older with "calculus of kidney and ureters" as a listed diagnosis:
(2000): 2 million visits with urolithiasis as the primary diagnosis¹⁷
(2000): 2.7 million visits with urolithiasis listed as any diagnosis¹⁷

Cost (2000): $2.07 billion expended for evaluation and treatment¹⁷

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Inpatient hospital stays: The estimated number of hospital admissions among adults ages 20 or older with UTI or cystitis listed as a diagnosis:
(2006): 479,000 hospital stays¹⁵
(2004): 429,000 hospital stays¹⁶
(2000): 367,246 hospital stays (121,367 men; 245,879 women)^18–19

Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by patients ages 20 or older with UTI or cystitis listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 8.27 million visits (1.41 million men; 6.86 million women) with UTI as the primary diagnosis¹⁷
(2000): 11.02 million visits (2.05 million men; 8.97 million women) with UTI listed as any diagnosis¹⁷

Cost (2000): $3.5 billion ($1 billion for men; $2.5 billion for women) expended for evaluation and treatment¹⁷

Urinary Incontinence

Inpatient hospital stays:The estimated number of hospital admissions among adults ages 18 or older with urinary incontinence listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 47,802 hospital stays (1,332 men; 46,470 women)¹⁷

Physician office and hospital outpatient visits combined: The estimated number of doctor visits and outpatient hospital visits by patients ages 20 or older with urinary incontinence listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 207,595 visits (men) with UI as the primary diagnosis¹⁷
(2000): 1.16 million visits (women) with UI as the primary diagnosis¹⁷
(2000): 353,065 visits (men) with UI listed as any diagnosis¹⁷
(2000): 2.13 million visits (women) with UI listed as any diagnosis¹⁷

Cost (2000): $463.1 million annually ($10.3 million for men; $452.8 million for women) in hospital stays and visits to office-based physicians, hospital outpatient clinics, and emergency rooms by adults¹⁷

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Other Related Problems

Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia [BPH]) and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)

Prevalence (2000): 6.5 million of the 27 million Caucasian men ages 50 to 79 in the United States were expected to meet the criteria for discussing treatment options for BPH.²²

BPH/LUTS (AUA Symptom Score of 7 or greater) prevalence estimates for different ages:
40–49: 24 percent
50–59: 31 percent
60–69: 36 percent
70–up: 44 percent ²²

Doctor visits: The estimated number of doctor visits by men ages 20 or older with “hyperplasia of the prostate” listed as a diagnosis:
(2000): 4.4 million visits with “hyperplasia of the prostate“ listed as the primary diagnosis ¹⁷
(2000): 7.8 million visits with “hyperplasia of the prostate” listed as any diagnosis¹⁷

Cost (2000): $1.1 billion annually in direct expenditures for medical services provided at hospital inpatient and outpatient settings, emergency departments, and physicians’ offices¹⁷

Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)

Prevalence (2000): Complete erectile dysfunction—never able to achieve an erection—prevalence estimates for different ages, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey:
20–29: 1.8 percent
30–39: 0.4 percent
40–49: 1.2 percent
50–59: 4.0 percent
60–69: 16.7 percent
70–74: 21.5 percent
75–up: 47.5 percent
Total: 6.2 percent²³

Prostate Cancer

Incidence (2000): Incidence rates for prostate cancer by race and age:

Caucasian men younger than 65: 62 cases per 100,000 population of men
African American men younger than 65: 114 cases per 100,000 population of men
Caucasian men older than 65: 935 cases per 100,000 population of men
African American men older than 65: 1,396 cases per 100,000 population of men²⁴

Cost (2000): $1.3 billion²⁴

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Sources

1. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2009;150:604–612.

2. USRDS 2009 Annual Data Report. United States Renal Data System Web site. www.usrds.org/adr.htm. Accessed November 10, 2009. (The USRDS End-Stage Renal Disease Incident and Prevalent Quarterly Update is available at www.usrds.org/qtr/qrt_report_table_c_ Q1_09.html.)

3. United Network for Organ Sharing Web site. www.unos.org. Accessed March 16, 2010.

4. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 2009;58(31).

5. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2007. MMWR. 2009;56(53):28.

6. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2006. MMWR. 2008;55(53):26.

7. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2005. MMWR.2007;54(53):24.

8. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2004. MMWR. 2006;53(53):24.

9. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2003. MMWR. 2005;52(54):7.

10. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2002. MMWR. 2004;51(53):22.

11. Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2001. MMWR. 2003;50(53):xv.

12. Rosenberg MT, Hazzard M. Prevalence of interstitial cystitis symptoms in women: a population based study in the primary care office. Journal of Urology. 2005;174(6):2231–2234.

13. Clemens JQ, Joyce GF, Wise M, Payne CK. Interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Public Health Service (PHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO); 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:123–154.

14. Stamatelou KK, Francis ME, Jones CA, Nyberg LM, Curhan GC. Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994. Kidney International. 2003;63:1817–1823.
    

15. DeFrances CJ, Lucas CA, Buie VC, Golosinskiy A. 2006 National Hospital Discharge Survey. National health statistics reports; no 5. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). 2008.

16. NCHS. National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2004 Annual Summary With Detailed Diagnosis and Procedure Data. DHHS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hyattsville, MD: GPO; 2006. DHHS publication 2006–1733.
    

17. Litwin MS, Saigal CS. Introduction. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:3–7.

18. Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in women. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:587–619.

19. Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:621–645.
    

20. Nygaard I, Thom DH, Calhoun EA. Urinary incontinence in women. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:157–191.

21. Stothers L, Thom DH, Calhoun EA. Urinary incontinence in men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:193–221.

22. Wei JT, Calhoun EA, Jacobsen SJ. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:43–67.
    

23. Saigal CS, Wessells H, Wilt T. Predictors and prevalence of erectile dysfunction in a racially diverse population. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006;166:207–212.
    

24. Penson DF, Chan JM. Prostate cancer. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, editors. Urologic Diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, D.C.: GPO; 2007. NIH publication 07–5512:71–120.
    

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Acknowledgments

National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse

3 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3580
Phone: 1–800–891–5390
TTY: 1–866–569–1162
Fax: 703–738–4929
Email: nkudic@info.niddk.nih.gov
Internet: www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov

The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1987, the Clearinghouse provides information about diseases of the kidneys and urologic system to people with kidney and urologic disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NKUDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about kidney and urologic diseases.

Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts.

This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this publication to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired.

NIH Publication No. 10–3895
April 2010

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